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Performance Measurement Tools and Research

Achieving Organizational Excellence Through the Performance Measurement System
This research report explores how organizations use financial and nonfinancial measures to achieve their goals.

AmeriCorps Program Applicant Performance Measurement Toolkit
The purposes of this Performance Measurement Toolkit are to introduce the concept of performance measurement, provide information on performance measurement as it applies to AmeriCorps programs, and in particular to help potential applicants for AmeriCorps funding satisfy the performance measurement requirements of the application process.

An Agenda for Action: Outcome Management for Nonprofit Organizations
This report represents an effort by nonprofit representatives, with a variety of perspectives in this diverse sector, to explore outcome measurement by nonprofit service providers and the use of the resulting information to better inform management of the programs.

A Board Member Contract 
One way to be sure that everyone on the board is clear on his or her responsibilities is to adopt a board member contract. The discussion on the board about what to put in its contract or agreement is valuable in itself. This sample may help get that discussion started.

A Board-Staff “Contract” for Financial Accountability 
Financial matters span a broad range of topics, including personnel and internal controls as well as accounting and the budget. Not all board members need to be familiar with financial terms and concepts, but each organization needs to develop a clear and explicit agreement for how financial accountability will be ensured. The following is a starting point for a "contract" which the board and staff can make to ensure a partnership for accountability.

A Financially Healthy CAA: A Board Member's Guide developed by MICA
Mid-Iowa Community Action created a training presentation – A Financially Healthy CAA: A Board Member's Guide – to assist Community Action Agency (CAA) board members in carrying out their duties related to the financial health of their agency.

Analyzing Outcome Information: Getting The Most from Data
This guide describes the basic analysis activities nearly all programs can do themselves and identifies steps to interpret collected data and make the data useful for decision making. 

Ants and the Cockroach: A Challenge to the Use of Indicators 
This research report examines the use of indicators as a way of measuring outcomes. The author deals with the challenge of selecting effective indicators that give meaningful results.

Audit Committee Charter Matrix
Purpose of This Tool. Preparing an audit committee charter is often referred to as a best practice and is required for many public companies. It is encouraged for most organizations and required by some states for not-for-profit organizations. However, the charter is often prepared and forgotten except for its annual review. This tool is designed to help audit committees make the charter a living document and use it to manage the agenda. This tool is meant as a sample of what might be considered to be a best practice. 

Audit Committee Financial Expertise Considerations
The following information illustrates how the audit committee might approach assuring it has access to requisite financial expertise.

Becoming a Better Supervisor: A Resource Guide for Community Service Supervisors 
Becoming a Better Supervisor: A Resource Guide for Community Service Supervisors was developed to help front-line supervisors in all kinds of community service programs. The guide was drawn from three major sources of information: a comprehensive needs assessment; views of supervisors who participated in Supervisory Skills Workshops; and literature of specialists in the fields of supervision, management, and community participation. 

Benchmarking: Leveraging Best-Practice Strategies
This research report explains how companies use benchmarking of best practices to improve performance, quality control, strategic decision making, and organizational learning.

Board Self-Assessment Tool 
At a regular physical check-up, the doctor may begin by asking the patient, "How are you feeling?" The answer is important. Although some patients may feel well but have a hidden disease, the patient's own sense of well being is still an important indicator. In a similar way, when a board asks itself, "How do we feel about our board and our organization?" the answer is a useful indicator, if not an error-proof test. An annual poll of board members lets the board get a sense of how its members feel. There are many such surveys, but here's a short one you can try. Give board members a scale to choose from for each answer, such as 1 - 5, with 1 being Not Confident and 5 being Very Confident. You might also ask your executive director (and other staff who frequently work with the board) to fill out a similar survey, and then use the results of both to kick off a discussion where people reflect on the survey results and establish objectives for the year about board activities.

CAPLAW Conflict of Interest Policy and Agreement for Directors and Staff of the Community Action Agency
This document is an example of a Conflict of Interest Policy and Agreement for Directors and Staff of the Community Action Agency provided to CAPLAW by Joel Kaleva, Esq., of Crowley, Haughey, Hanson, Toole & Dietrich in Helena, Montana. 

CAPLAW Information Technology Resources Policy
This policy sets forth Employer’s policies with regards to information technology (“IT”) resources (e.g., e-mail, electronic voice and video communication, facsimile, the Internet and future technologies), including Employer access to review or disclosure of electronic files, electronic mail and electronic voice and video communications through or stored on any part of the IT resources systems. This memorandum also sets forth the policies on the proper use of the IT resources systems. These policies do not constitute a contract.

CAPLAW Model Head Start Conflict Resolution
This is a sample policy dispute resolution agreement by CAPLAW.

CAPLAW Sample Community Action Agency Code of Conduct
This is a sample Community Action Agency Code of Conduct provided to CAPLAW by Joel Kaleva, Esq., of Crowley, Haughey, Hanson, Toole & Dietrich in Helena, Montana. 

CAPLAW Sample Community Action Agency Political Activity Policy
This document is a Sample Community Action Agency Political Activity Policy by CAPLAW

Community Action Agency Board Member TOOLKIT
This Toolkit for CAA Board Members focuses on a few topics: community assessment, Results-Oriented Management and Accountability, planning, basic Choices for Board members, history and future of community action, organization and responsibilities of a board, program monitoring and evaluation, and quizzes to help solidify knowledge.

Community Status Reports and Targeted Community Interventions: Drawing a Distinction 
Community status reports and targeted community interventions are two useful tools in community work. The two share commonalities, including a “larger-than-program-level” focus (for example, neighborhood or community focus); heavy use of data; and the use of indicators. Because they are similar, the two tools are often confused. This paper clarifies the differences and relationships between community status reports and targeted community interventions, including the purpose of each approach, key tasks and challenges, and how the two relate in the work of creating stronger, healthier communities.

Conducting an Audit Committee Executive Session: Guidelines and Questions
This tool is intended to help the audit committee ask the right first questions, bearing in mind that the audit committee should have the necessary expertise to evaluate the answers and the insight to identify the appropriate follow-up question. 

Conducting an Audit Committee Self-Evaluation: Guidelines and Questions
The sample questions included in this tool are suggestions and intended to provide a starting point to evaluating the performance and effectiveness of the audit committee.

Confused About Governance Models? You're not alone!
This article addresses the following questions: What difference do boards really make to nonprofit organizations? What is governance anyway? How can boards add value to organizations? How can we evaluate their performance? What do you think about the “policy governance” model? What are the alternatives?

Crafting a comprehensive approach to leadership development 
Creating a leadership development program requires clarity on leadership values as well as competencies, clarity on the purpose for which a program is developing leaders, intentionality about reinforcing leadership development throughout all aspects of the program, and efforts to model and practice the leadership internally programs are seeking to develop among members. Public Allies offers this model in the resource Lessons on Leadership Development: Developing a Comprehensive Approach, shared at the AmeriCorps Best Practices Conferences in Nashville, Tennessee in April 2005.

CSSP's Learning Guide 6 Chapter 2 Sharing Accountability
Goal: You will understand shared accountability and options for partnership agreements and will know how to apply this understanding to the work of the Local Governance Partnership.

Developing Community-wide Outcome Indicators for Specific Services
This guide focuses on how local community funders and service providers can work together to develop a common core set of indicators that each provider would regularly collect data on, for its own use and to provide to funders. 

DOUBLE BOTTOM LINE PROJECT REPORT: Assessing Social Impact in Double Bottom Line Ventures
The Double Bottom Line Project, Co-Directed by RISE’s Director, has released the first catalog of methods that for-profit and nonprofit social ventures and enterprises can use to assess the social impact of their activities. The Catalog analyzes feasibility and credibility of 9 methods and provides examples of them in use. 

Evaluation for Racial Equity
The Center for Assessment and Policy Development and MP Associates, Inc. launched a new website for those interested in evaluating their progress toward anti-racism and inclusion goals. Includes tips, tools, and links to additional information on all aspects of evaluation related to racial equity. Was created for Community Groups and Individuals who want to know more about how to do evaluation, are working on changing their communities, and want to be certain that their evaluations take into account issues of racism, power, privilege, and oppression in: (1) Ways they organize and carry out evaluation, (2) kinds of questions they ask and outcomes they measure, (3) thinking about and using results, (4) at every step along the way.

Increasing State and Local Capacity for Cross-Systems Innovation: Assessing Flexibility and Opportunities under Current Law 
By Mark Greenberg and Jennifer L. Noyes. This paper was written as part of a collaborative effort between the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Hudson Institute, and CLASP. The authors analyze the flexibility, opportunities, and barriers under current federal law with respect to cross-program integration and collaboration.

Key Steps in Outcome Management
This guide documents the key steps in establishing and maintaining an outcome-oriented measurement process and in using the data collected.

La Piana's Ten Commandments for Executive Directors 
A common cause of board/management dysfunction is a lack of clarity about the executive's responsibilities toward the board and about how to structure the relationship. David La Piana has drawn on his 16 years of successful executive leadership of a nonprofit and his 10 years consulting with nonprofit executive directors throughout the country to develop the following "Ten Commandments for Executive Directors." He has used it as a basis for training and mentoring of nonprofit chief executives.

Measuring What Matters in Nonprofits 
This research report discusses three types of performance metrics useful for evaluating nonprofit performance: success in mobilizing its resources, its staff's effectiveness on the job, and progress in fulfilling its mission. Note: A free log-in is required to view this report. 

Public and Private Agencies Need to Manage for Results, Not Just Measure Them
"To make measurement efforts really worthwhile, public and private agencies also need to analyze and use the information to help them improve services. This transforms 'outcome measurement' into 'outcome management."

Strategy Formation: Beyond Strategic Planning 
Our Publications Strategy Formation: Beyond Strategic Planning This briefing paper describes our Strategy Formation project and the preliminary findings of our research on ways nonprofits can form effective strategies using a process that is less time-and resource-consuming than the typical strategic planning process now prevalent in the sector.

Supporting Cross-Program Integration: Some Recommendations for Federal Policy and Practice 
By Mark Greenberg and Jennifer L. Noyes. This brief is based on the paper Increasing State and Local Capacity for Cross-Systems Innovation. Drawing on the papers’ findings and consultation with a range of state and federal policymakers, the brief provides the authors’ recommendations for federal action on cross-program state and local service integration efforts. This brief was written as part of a collaborative effort between the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Hudson Institute, and CLASP.

Surveying Clients About Outcomes
This guide provides information on what nonprofits need to know and consider when client surveys are used to track performance. 

The Roles of the Nonprofit Board of Directors by LaPiana Associates, Inc.
To be effective, a nonprofit organization needs a strong board of directors that understands its roles and pursues them with passion and a mission orientation. The following outline provides an overview of board roles and responsibilities to guide discussion between the Executive Director and board members seeking to define their place within the organization.

Using Outcome Information: Making Data Pay Off
This guide offers practical advice to help nonprofits take full advantage of their work, identifying a variety of ways to use data and specific methods for pursuing each use. 

Calendar of Events

2011 Mid-Winter Conference CSBG Workshop Sessions

2011 CSBG New Directors and State Staff Orientation Presentations


Latest Reports

Community Services Block Grant Annual Report 2009


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